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Pacman AI Project: Multi-Agent Search and Adversarial Intelligence

Project Overview

This project implements an AI-powered version of the classic Pacman game, focusing on multi-agent search algorithms and adversarial game-playing strategies. The implementation demonstrates various artificial intelligence techniques applied to a dynamic, real-time gaming environment.

Core Objectives

1. Intelligent Agent Development

  • Reflex Agents: Create responsive agents that make decisions based on current game state evaluation
  • Multi-Agent Search: Implement algorithms that consider the behavior of multiple agents (Pacman and ghosts) simultaneously
  • Adversarial Search: Develop strategies for competitive environments where agents have opposing goals

2. Search Algorithm Implementation

The project implements three fundamental adversarial search algorithms:

Minimax Algorithm

  • Models the game as a zero-sum competition between Pacman and ghosts
  • Assumes opponents play optimally
  • Explores the full game tree to determine the best possible moves

Alpha-Beta Pruning

  • Optimizes minimax by eliminating branches that cannot affect the final decision
  • Significantly reduces computational complexity while maintaining optimal play
  • Enables deeper search within time constraints

Expectimax Algorithm

  • Handles uncertainty in opponent behavior
  • Models ghosts as probabilistic agents rather than optimal adversaries
  • More realistic for scenarios where opponents don't play perfectly

3. Advanced Evaluation Functions

  • Feature Engineering: Consider multiple factors including:
    • Distance to food pellets
    • Ghost proximity and threat levels
    • Power pellet locations and scared ghost timers
    • Overall board control and positioning

Educational Value

Algorithm Understanding

This project helps gain hands-on experience with:

  • Game Theory: Understanding competitive multi-agent scenarios
  • Search Strategies: Comparing different approaches to decision-making
  • Optimization Techniques: Learning when and how to apply various algorithmic improvements

Practical AI Applications

The project demonstrates real-world AI concepts:

  • Real-time Decision Making: Operating under time constraints
  • Uncertainty Handling: Dealing with unpredictable opponent behavior
  • Evaluation Function Design: Translating domain knowledge into computational heuristics

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